Give the reader hints about what is about to happen in what they are reading. Understanding them is a key to comprehension. Examples of signal words are: therefore, but, because, etc.
Activity: learners read a text highlighting the signal words.
A hierarchy of key words or concepts that relate to one main idea. The main idea is written at the top of the page as a heading and other related ideas are recorded in boxes and connected by lines to the main idea and to each other.
Texts have different purposes. For each purpose, different methods are used to get the message across to the reader. The following resources help learners recognise the methods and the underlying purpose.
By identifying the organisational structures of texts, learners can observe how authors arrange ideas and determine which kinds of structures are used to interrelate ideas.
Graphic organisers to record information:
A useful guide to text structures
Concept map for descriptive texts
Cycle diagram for sequencing
Venn diagram for comparing and contrasting
Fishbone diagram for problem and solution
Cause and effect diagram